Binoculars (green circle) will reveal the galaxy very well. The three westernmost stars of Cassiopeia, Caph, Shedar, and Navi (Gamma Cas), also conveniently form an arrow that points towards M31.
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This large spiral galaxy, also designated Messier 31 and NGC 224, is 2.5 million light years from us, and covers an area of sky measuring 3 by 1 degrees (or six by two full moon diameters)! Under dark skies, M31 can be seen with unaided eyes as a faint smudge located 1.4 fist diameters to the left (or 14 degrees to the celestial northeast) of Alpheratz, the star that occupies the left-hand (northwestern) corner of the Great Square of Pegasus. In late November, the Andromeda Galaxy is positioned very high in the southeastern sky during evening. Sunday, November 21 - Bright Moon near Messier 35 (all night) Five hours later the star will shine at full intensity from a perch overhead in the western sky. EST or 23:14 GMT, fully dimmed Algol will sit a third of the way up the east-northeastern sky. But when fully dimmed, Algol’s magnitude 3.4 is almost the same as the star Rho Persei (ρ Per), which sits just two finger widths to Algol’s lower right (or 2.25 degrees to the celestial south). Algol normally shines at magnitude 2.1, similar to the nearby star Almach in Andromeda. During a ten-hour period that repeats every 2 days, 20 hours, and 49 minutes, Algol dims and re-brightens noticeably while a companion star orbiting nearly edge-on to Earth crosses in front of the much brighter main star, reducing the total light output we perceive. It is among the most accessible variable stars for skywatchers. In the constellation of Perseus, the star Algol, also designated Beta Persei, represents the glowing eye of Medusa from Greek mythology. Saturday, November 20 - Watch Algol Brighten (at 6:14 p.m. Eastern Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan will miss the early stages, while South America and western Europe will miss the final stages. The entire eclipse will be visible from North America and nearly all of the Pacific Ocean. You should notice a slight darkening of the moon while it traverses the zone encircling the umbra, both after 1:02 a.m. EST or 7:18:41 GMT and will last touch it 3hours 28minutes later, at 5:47:04 a.m. The moon will first contact the umbra at 2:18:41 a.m. The rest of the moon will darken to a ruddy red color - especially the moon’s northern half. EST or 09:02:56 GMT, a thin sliver of the moon’s southern rim will remain outside of the shadow, making this a partial lunar eclipse.
At that time it will be passing through Earth’s round shadow, or umbra, producing the second lunar eclipse of 2021. The moon will reach its full phase, directly opposite the sun in the western pre-dawn sky, at 3:57 a.m. The November Full Moon, traditionally known as the Beaver Moon or Frost Moon, always shines in or near the stars of Taurus and Aries.
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